Interview with Dr. Reinhard Marx, Archbishop
Dr. Reinhard Marx, the new archbishop of Munich and Freising. He has long been intensively with issues of business ethics apart.
How do church and business life together?
Church is not an economics of free space, and business ethics is no free space. In this respect there are connections on different levels between the Church and economic life. Only a society, including the economy, relative to humans is ethically acceptable and sustainable in the long term. The focus of all economic activity, the human being and human labor. It is one of the tasks of Catholic social teaching, this basic orientation always talk to and to ensure that people do not look out of the device.
Entrepreneurs can only successes in their terms. They are subject to the economic imperatives of profit maximization. In how far can the dichotomy between economic necessity and social responsibility (for employees, customers) to solve?
There should be no fundamental contradiction between social responsibility and economic necessity claim. Much of what is socially responsible, is also a long-term economic sense.
Have customer margins of the companies ethical Proclamation (consumer sovereignty)?
Certainly, customers such leeway. These include, first, about the ethical principles of individual companies to inform this request. And of course there is through conscious choices - albeit in a limited context - the possibility of a "vote with their feet". Especially in the field to win the stock market to individual investors, the questions on economic, social and environmental criteria for an ethical investment is becoming increasingly important.
With increasing individualisation give the impression that both the company and also as a consumer under the postulate of social solidarity no longer matters. Do you share this sentiment?
No, but we are experiencing is that solidarity is increasingly important. The boundaries of public supply and problem-solving capacity for the needs of the individual are identified. Without effective solidarity without volunteering, without interest in the needs of fellow human beings, our society would be unsustainable. Solidarity and subsidiarity are the reciprocal principles of a social market economy and a liberal society.
Is it in the market about social justice? What from?
As the market economy in a differentiated society, a liberal economy and an ideologically open democracy is to organize, design is a continuing task. Remains undisputed that obviously the so-called personal budget planning is the most efficient system for goods and services more widely and thus also tend to be fairly distributed. Social justice is reflected concretely in the course of the distribution of goods, but also in facilitating the participation, for example in education, work, on health care.
If the percentage of workers in enterprises, keyword Investivlohn a way to more justice? How should the participation be framed?
The participation in the production of capital is an old demand of the Catholic social teaching. There are many proposals and models, which continue to be intensively discussed.
In Germany, many people make a living does not work out, even though they have a permanent job. Minimum wages are a solution?
The minimum wage issue is very complex. Work should be worth creating, and a job should be for the individual locking his existence. In the low minimum wages can provide a minimum level of income and poverty combat. Minimum wages are a possible option to the high unemployment and must be combined with other economic and social considerations need to be considered especialy with free budget worksheets. The incentive effect on the labor market and fiscal feasibility must also be examined.
What do you think of the idea of a fixed basic income for everyone (Egalitätsprinzip, efficiency principle)?
There are social ethics in the different positions. I myself judge the model is somewhat restrained, because it is in danger, the promotion and encouragement of the recipient to weaken. The goal must be that people with their work to earn their livelihood.
To person
Reinhard Marx, since 2 February 2008 Archbishop of Munich and Freising, in 1953 in Geseke / Westphalia. He studied at the Theological Faculty of Paderborn and Catholic theology in Paris. 1979 he received the sacrament of ordination to the priesthood by Archbishop Dr. Johannes Joachim Degenhardt. After a two-year vicarage in Bad Arolsen joined from 1981 to 1989 a second degree at the Ruhr-University Bochum and the Westfälische Wilhelms University in Münster on. 1988 he earned his doctorate.
In 1996 the appointment as extraordinary professor of Christian social teaching at the Theological Faculty of Paderborn. Only a few months later, on 23 July 1996, named him John Paul II as Bishop in the Archdiocese of Paderborn. 2001, he summoned him to the 102nd Bishop of Trier. He was arrested on April 1, 2002 in his office, which he held until the end of 2007.
Marx is since 1999 Chairman of the Commission Justitia et Pax (Justice and Peace "), developed by the German Bishops' Conference and the Central Committee of German Catholics worn. In this position he was in 2004 for another five years. The German Bishops' Conference elected him at the Fall Assembly 2004 as Chairman of its Commission for corporate and social issues. Since March 2006 he is also the delegate of the German Bishops' Conference in the Commission of the Bishops' Conferences of the European Community (COMECE), since the inauguration as Archbishop, he is Chairman of the Bishops' Conference Freisingerstrasse.
Dr. Reinhard Marx, the new archbishop of Munich and Freising. He has long been intensively with issues of business ethics apart.
How do church and business life together?
Church is not an economics of free space, and business ethics is no free space. In this respect there are connections on different levels between the Church and economic life. Only a society, including the economy, relative to humans is ethically acceptable and sustainable in the long term. The focus of all economic activity, the human being and human labor. It is one of the tasks of Catholic social teaching, this basic orientation always talk to and to ensure that people do not look out of the device.
Entrepreneurs can only successes in their terms. They are subject to the economic imperatives of profit maximization. In how far can the dichotomy between economic necessity and social responsibility (for employees, customers) to solve?
There should be no fundamental contradiction between social responsibility and economic necessity claim. Much of what is socially responsible, is also a long-term economic sense.
Have customer margins of the companies ethical Proclamation (consumer sovereignty)?
Certainly, customers such leeway. These include, first, about the ethical principles of individual companies to inform this request. And of course there is through conscious choices - albeit in a limited context - the possibility of a "vote with their feet". Especially in the field to win the stock market to individual investors, the questions on economic, social and environmental criteria for an ethical investment is becoming increasingly important.
With increasing individualisation give the impression that both the company and also as a consumer under the postulate of social solidarity no longer matters. Do you share this sentiment?
No, but we are experiencing is that solidarity is increasingly important. The boundaries of public supply and problem-solving capacity for the needs of the individual are identified. Without effective solidarity without volunteering, without interest in the needs of fellow human beings, our society would be unsustainable. Solidarity and subsidiarity are the reciprocal principles of a social market economy and a liberal society.
Is it in the market about social justice? What from?
As the market economy in a differentiated society, a liberal economy and an ideologically open democracy is to organize, design is a continuing task. Remains undisputed that obviously the so-called personal budget planning is the most efficient system for goods and services more widely and thus also tend to be fairly distributed. Social justice is reflected concretely in the course of the distribution of goods, but also in facilitating the participation, for example in education, work, on health care.
If the percentage of workers in enterprises, keyword Investivlohn a way to more justice? How should the participation be framed?
The participation in the production of capital is an old demand of the Catholic social teaching. There are many proposals and models, which continue to be intensively discussed.
In Germany, many people make a living does not work out, even though they have a permanent job. Minimum wages are a solution?
The minimum wage issue is very complex. Work should be worth creating, and a job should be for the individual locking his existence. In the low minimum wages can provide a minimum level of income and poverty combat. Minimum wages are a possible option to the high unemployment and must be combined with other economic and social considerations need to be considered especialy with free budget worksheets. The incentive effect on the labor market and fiscal feasibility must also be examined.
What do you think of the idea of a fixed basic income for everyone (Egalitätsprinzip, efficiency principle)?
There are social ethics in the different positions. I myself judge the model is somewhat restrained, because it is in danger, the promotion and encouragement of the recipient to weaken. The goal must be that people with their work to earn their livelihood.
To person
Reinhard Marx, since 2 February 2008 Archbishop of Munich and Freising, in 1953 in Geseke / Westphalia. He studied at the Theological Faculty of Paderborn and Catholic theology in Paris. 1979 he received the sacrament of ordination to the priesthood by Archbishop Dr. Johannes Joachim Degenhardt. After a two-year vicarage in Bad Arolsen joined from 1981 to 1989 a second degree at the Ruhr-University Bochum and the Westfälische Wilhelms University in Münster on. 1988 he earned his doctorate.
In 1996 the appointment as extraordinary professor of Christian social teaching at the Theological Faculty of Paderborn. Only a few months later, on 23 July 1996, named him John Paul II as Bishop in the Archdiocese of Paderborn. 2001, he summoned him to the 102nd Bishop of Trier. He was arrested on April 1, 2002 in his office, which he held until the end of 2007.
Marx is since 1999 Chairman of the Commission Justitia et Pax (Justice and Peace "), developed by the German Bishops' Conference and the Central Committee of German Catholics worn. In this position he was in 2004 for another five years. The German Bishops' Conference elected him at the Fall Assembly 2004 as Chairman of its Commission for corporate and social issues. Since March 2006 he is also the delegate of the German Bishops' Conference in the Commission of the Bishops' Conferences of the European Community (COMECE), since the inauguration as Archbishop, he is Chairman of the Bishops' Conference Freisingerstrasse.
The energy must not be of benefit to the environment
There is increasing voices that an energetic use of biomass and critically consider the partial doubt that the climate is served.
The Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln (IW) declares itself the subject of biomass, primarily from the viewpoint of the cost of power generation from biomass, to just word. It points out that in Germany the feed-in electricity from biomass rapidly grow. They were placed in 2002 and € 232 million have until 2006 at around 1:34 increased by almost € billion.
This shows how attractive the power from biomass. According to the Renewable Energies Act (EEG) will feed 7.9 to 10.8 cents / kWh is paid. For the hosts energy appears to be a rewarding business, the electricity consumers with higher electricity prices to finance.
Biomass potential for conflict
The energetic use of biomass has strong supporters and skeptics are increasingly critical. It now seems to offer a similar potential for conflict, including nuclear.
Proponents icing on the sustainability of biomass, it has received from the fossil fuels clearly distinguishable. And on climate change, since the biomass with a view to the emission of carbon dioxide is largely neutral. The carbon dioxide is generated by renewable resources again accessible carbon. And in comparison to other renewable energies, especially wind and sun, cut the advantage of keeping biomass energy to produce.
On the opposite side to the risks of biomass reference. Because ecological risk will be referred to the danger that, for the production of more biomass, natural carbon sinks, especially the tropical rain forests, and disappearing farmland will. Two recent studies from the USA to a highly critical assessment of biofuels. They recognize no benefit for the climate, but even consider an additional burden of the atmosphere with greenhouse gases through biofuels.
Since the production of biomass with other crops for food and raw materials to the area of arable land in competition with economic consequences must be expected. An upward trend in prices of agricultural products is the result. As an example, like the development of markets for corn used in North America. As in the U.S. more and more corn for energy used in Mexico is the staple food of maize is now scarce of Budget Spreadsheet.
The Federal Environmental Agency (UBA) in 2006 has been made aware of this conflict and found that biomass was not inexhaustible. It called for a competition with food production and forest use should be avoided. In addition, the effectiveness of decentralized energy production based on biomass increased. The treatment of biogas to natural gas quality, according to UBA would be a way. This, the Berliner Gasag proceedings and is currently in Rathenow the first of 15 planned Bioerdgasanlagen.
In Europe and especially in Germany, Hubertus Bardt IW from an increasing competition for wood raw materials, because energy use has increased strongly. In Germany, the total wood consumption from 2002 to 2005 increased by 28.4%. The energy consumption increased during this period by almost 40%. Above all, wood pellets for the operation of central heating is looking increasingly popular Monthly Budget Calculator. The burn wood also has an environmental downside. The combustion of matter. Thus in Berlin thought for wood fires in the downtown area suitable environment for the filter to make mandatory.
What happens next?
That seems to conflict is a thing to be with the energetic use of biomass. Critics Timothy Search Inger (Princeton University) and Joe Fargione (The Nature Conservancy) advise on the production of biofuels (ethanol, biodiesel) with today's technology and raw materials from. Otherwise, should only be used for energy crops that are already in the region are grown. Above all, the unused parts of plants, such as cereal straws, as a source of raw materials used. Of course you can also brownfields useful for the production of biomass used.
There are proven technologies for biomass use. In the field of energetic use of biomass will continue to vigorously researched to economic procedures for the complete exploitation of the whole biomass to come on personal finance budgeting. One promising idea is the process of hydrothermal Carboniserung from the Max Plack Institute for Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam.
Biomass will contribute to meet sustainable energy needs afford. But circumspection is appropriate, because too much use of biomass may be more harm than benefit.
Currently in Germany
A hotly contested measure, probably because many vehicles do not release the manufacturer of this new mixture are obtained. The Federal Environment Minister should be made in the light of the new American studies again on this project after ponder.
There is increasing voices that an energetic use of biomass and critically consider the partial doubt that the climate is served.
The Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln (IW) declares itself the subject of biomass, primarily from the viewpoint of the cost of power generation from biomass, to just word. It points out that in Germany the feed-in electricity from biomass rapidly grow. They were placed in 2002 and € 232 million have until 2006 at around 1:34 increased by almost € billion.
This shows how attractive the power from biomass. According to the Renewable Energies Act (EEG) will feed 7.9 to 10.8 cents / kWh is paid. For the hosts energy appears to be a rewarding business, the electricity consumers with higher electricity prices to finance.
Biomass potential for conflict
The energetic use of biomass has strong supporters and skeptics are increasingly critical. It now seems to offer a similar potential for conflict, including nuclear.
Proponents icing on the sustainability of biomass, it has received from the fossil fuels clearly distinguishable. And on climate change, since the biomass with a view to the emission of carbon dioxide is largely neutral. The carbon dioxide is generated by renewable resources again accessible carbon. And in comparison to other renewable energies, especially wind and sun, cut the advantage of keeping biomass energy to produce.
On the opposite side to the risks of biomass reference. Because ecological risk will be referred to the danger that, for the production of more biomass, natural carbon sinks, especially the tropical rain forests, and disappearing farmland will. Two recent studies from the USA to a highly critical assessment of biofuels. They recognize no benefit for the climate, but even consider an additional burden of the atmosphere with greenhouse gases through biofuels.
Since the production of biomass with other crops for food and raw materials to the area of arable land in competition with economic consequences must be expected. An upward trend in prices of agricultural products is the result. As an example, like the development of markets for corn used in North America. As in the U.S. more and more corn for energy used in Mexico is the staple food of maize is now scarce of Budget Spreadsheet.
The Federal Environmental Agency (UBA) in 2006 has been made aware of this conflict and found that biomass was not inexhaustible. It called for a competition with food production and forest use should be avoided. In addition, the effectiveness of decentralized energy production based on biomass increased. The treatment of biogas to natural gas quality, according to UBA would be a way. This, the Berliner Gasag proceedings and is currently in Rathenow the first of 15 planned Bioerdgasanlagen.
In Europe and especially in Germany, Hubertus Bardt IW from an increasing competition for wood raw materials, because energy use has increased strongly. In Germany, the total wood consumption from 2002 to 2005 increased by 28.4%. The energy consumption increased during this period by almost 40%. Above all, wood pellets for the operation of central heating is looking increasingly popular Monthly Budget Calculator. The burn wood also has an environmental downside. The combustion of matter. Thus in Berlin thought for wood fires in the downtown area suitable environment for the filter to make mandatory.
What happens next?
That seems to conflict is a thing to be with the energetic use of biomass. Critics Timothy Search Inger (Princeton University) and Joe Fargione (The Nature Conservancy) advise on the production of biofuels (ethanol, biodiesel) with today's technology and raw materials from. Otherwise, should only be used for energy crops that are already in the region are grown. Above all, the unused parts of plants, such as cereal straws, as a source of raw materials used. Of course you can also brownfields useful for the production of biomass used.
There are proven technologies for biomass use. In the field of energetic use of biomass will continue to vigorously researched to economic procedures for the complete exploitation of the whole biomass to come on personal finance budgeting. One promising idea is the process of hydrothermal Carboniserung from the Max Plack Institute for Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam.
Biomass will contribute to meet sustainable energy needs afford. But circumspection is appropriate, because too much use of biomass may be more harm than benefit.
Currently in Germany
A hotly contested measure, probably because many vehicles do not release the manufacturer of this new mixture are obtained. The Federal Environment Minister should be made in the light of the new American studies again on this project after ponder.
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